SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION AGAINST PEOPLE LIVING WITH ALBINISM
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Abstract
People living with albinism in South Africa continue to experience various forms of social exclusion and discrimination despite the county’s progressive constitutional and human rights framework. Albinism is a genetic condition characterised by a lack of melanin in the skin, hair and eyes, often accompanied by visual impairment and extreme sensitivity to sunlight. Beyond the medical challenges associated with the condition, individuals with albinism frequently face stigma, marginalised and harmful stereotypes within society. These social attitudes contribute to barriers in accessing education, healthcare, employment opportunities and full participation in the community life. Such exclusion often results in violation of the fundamental human rights, including right to equality, dignity and security of person as protected under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. This paper examines the extent to which social exclusion contributes to human rights violations against people living with albinism in South Africa. It further evaluates the adequacy of existing legal and policy framework aimed at protecting vulnerable group from discrimination. The discussion also highlights the role of government institutions, civil society organisations and public awareness initiatives in addressing prejudice and promoting social inclusion. The article argues that though legislative protection exists, persistent social attitudes and inadequate implementation of policies continue to undermine the effective protection of persons with albinism. The study concludes that a stronger human rights-based approach is necessary to combat discrimination and exclusion. This includes improved public education, access to healthcare services, effective enforcement of equality laws and greater recognition of the specific needs of people living with albinism. Such measures are essential to ensure that the individuals with albinism can fully enjoy their constitutional rights and participate equally in South African society. The desktop methodology is used in this research endeavour. This study is conducted through a doctrinal and comparative research method examining the legal framework of social exclusion and human rights violation against people living with albinism in context. The author analysis the existing information and documents. The research is conducted through books, journal articles, legislations, case law and official reports.
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