PARTITION AND ITS LEGACY: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE MARGINALIZATION OF PUNJABI IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

This research examined the process of marginalization that the Punjabi language undergoes in Pakistan. This research delves into the historical, social, and political elements that have led to the marginalization of a certain group. It also examined the current difficulties and potential for its revitalization. The research seeks to comprehend the intricate interaction of power dynamics, linguistic policy, and social dynamics that have placed Punjabi speakers at a disadvantage. Additionally, it aims to discover possible methods for rejuvenating the language. The study employed a qualitative methodology. The study utilizes two theoretical frameworks: Bourdieu's (1991) theory of symbolic power and Spivak's (1988) idea of subalternity. The ecological approach suggested by Gumperz and Cook (1982) considers the dynamic character of language ecology.  These frameworks illuminate the connection between language and social position, as well as the suppression of excluded groups. The research is based on data that includes policy papers, stakeholder interviews, and newspaper analysis. Thematic analysis is used to discern significant themes and patterns within the data tables. The research demonstrates that Punjabi's marginalization has been influenced by past policy biases, limited resources, market factors, and social dynamics. Nevertheless, the report also highlights encouraging advancements such as advocacy, audience demand, and future regulatory changes that provide optimism for the rebirth of Punjabi. This study enhances our comprehension of the difficulties encountered by the Punjabi language in Pakistan. By emphasizing the constraints of the present study, it emphasizes the need for further research.