MARITAL RAPE BETWEEN CRIMINALIZATION AND LEGALIZATION A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ISLAMIC LAW AND LEGISLATION
Main Article Content
Abstract
The issue of marital rape continues to be a subject of great legal debate. The established principle in criminal law is that the husband is not punished if he forces his wife against her will, as marriage grants him the right to have sexual relations with her even without her consent. However, the topic of marital rape has recently gained international attention, with many countries, especially Scandinavian ones, believing that marriage does not justify sexual intercourse without the consent of both parties. This is because the matter is primarily linked to the freedom to engage in sexual relations. The importance of this issue is further highlighted when referring to Algerian criminal law, which exhibits a lot of terminological confusion and lacks precision in defining the crime of rape, as it does not explicitly exclude the wife. This has led us to address this issue, hoping to find a solution based on what is stated in Islamic law.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abd al-Rahim Sidqi, The Penal Code, Special Section, Crimes of Assault on Persons in Egyptian and French Thought, Cairo: Dar al-Nahda al-Misriyah, 1997, p. 178. Abd al-Hamid al-Shawarbi, The Crime of Adultery, the Crimes of Rape, Defilement, Indecent Acts, and Prostitution, Alexandria: Manshaet al-Ma’arif, 1998, p. 93, Edward Ghali Al-Dhahabi, Sexual Crimes, 03rd edition, Cairo: Dar Gharib, 2006, pp. 154 et seq.
Ahsan Bousqiaa, Al-Wajeez Private Criminal Law, vol. 1, Algeria: Dar Houma, 2003, p. 98.
Abdel Aziz Saad, Moral Crimes in the Algerian Penal Code, Algeria: National Publishing and Distribution Company, 1982, p. 37. Muhammad Rashad Metwally, Crimes of Assault on Honor in Algerian and Comparative Law, 02nd edition, Algeria: Office of University Publications, 1989, p. 124.
Mekki Dardos, The Special Criminal Law in Algerian Legislation, Constantine: Office of University Publications, Regional Press, 2005, p. 163, Ahsan Bousqaia, opcit, p. 91. Mahmoud Najib Hosni, Al-Mujaz fi Sharh Penal Code, Special Section, Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, 1993., p. 447.
Renée Collette-Carrière, “The victimology and the violence, a discours complice,” www.eridit.org., p 64.
Noha Al-Qaterji, The Crime of Rape in Light of Islamic Sharia and Positive Law, Beirut: University Foundation for Studies, Publishing and Distribution, 2003, p. 176, Muhammad Saeed Nammour, Explanation of the Penal Code, Special Section, Crimes Against Persons, Part 01, Amman (Jordan): International Scientific House. For Publishing and Distribution and Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution, 2002, p. 196. Fattouh Abdullah Al-Shazly, Crimes of Assault on Persons and Property, Alexandria: University Press House, 2002, p. 185. Muhammad Suleiman Meligy, The Crime of Rape in Positive Laws, Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, 2002, p. 40.
Mahmoud Ahmed Taha Mahmoud, Criminal Protection of the Marital Relationship, A Comparative Study, Riyadh: Naif Academy for Security Sciences, Center for Studies and Research, 2002, p. 294, Noha Al-Qaterji, opcit, p. 176, Abdul Hamid Lutfi Al-Aila, Explanation of the Palestinian Penal Code, Special Section, Crimes that It falls on public morals, Gaza: Dar Al-Miqdad Printing, 2001, p. 33. Muhammad Rashad Metwally, opcit, p. 129. Nader Abdel Aziz Shafi, Considerations in Law, Beirut: Zain Legal Publications, 2007, p. 28. Ali Abu Hajila, Criminal Protection of Honor in Positive Law and Islamic Sharia, Amman (Jordan): Dar Wael for Publishing and Distribution, 2003, pp. 74, 75.
Ashraf Tawfiq Shams El-Din, Criminal Protection of the Right to Preserve Honor in Islamic Sharia and Positive Law, Doctoral Dissertation in Law, Cairo University, 1995, p. 187. Muhammad Suleiman Meligy, opcit, pp. 274, 275.
Ashraf Tawfiq Shams al-Din, op. cit., p. 187 et seq. Nader Abdel Aziz Shafi, opcit, p. 28. Muhammad Suleiman Maligi, opcit, p. 275.
Muhammad Ahmed Taha Mahmoud, opcit, p. 296, Ashraf Tawfiq Shams al-Din, opcit, pp. 187, 188.
Abu Al-Wafa Muhammad Abu Al-Wafa, Violence within the Family between Prevention, Criminalization, and Punishment in Islamic Jurisprudence and Criminal Law, Alexandria: New University Publishing House, 2000, p. 71, Ashraf Tawfiq Shams Al-Din, opcit, pp. 178, 179. Muhammad Suleiman Meligy, Opcit, pp. 262 et seq.
Ashraf Tawfiq Shams al-Din, opcit, pp. 182, 183. Muhammad Suleiman Maligy, opcit, pp. 266 et seq.
Michèle-Laure Rasset, Droit pénal special infractions and contre les parts, Paris: editors Dalloz, 1997, P 445.
Ashraf Tawfiq Shams al-Din, opcit, pp. 183 et seq., Ahsan Bousaqi’a, opcit, pp. 93, 94, Abu al-Wafa Muhammad Abu al-Wafa, opcit, pp. 71, 72, Mahmoud Ahmed Taha. Mahmoud, opcit, pp. 304, 305. Saeed Abdul Latif Hassan, Criminal Protection of Honor in Islamic Jurisprudence and Positive Law, Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, 2004, pp. 276 et seq. Muhammad Suleiman Maligi, opcit, pp. 267 et seq.
Mahmoud Ahmed Taha Mahmoud, opcit, pp. 300, 301, Ashraf Tawfiq Shams al-Din, opcit, pp. 171, 172.
Renée Collette-Carrière, OP Cit, P 76.
Makki Dardos, opcit, p. 165.
Ashraf Tawfiq Shams al-Din, opcit, p. 175, Mahmoud Ahmad Taha Mahmoud, opcit, p. 295, Abu Al-Wafa Muhammad Abu Al-Wafa, opcit, p. 73. Muhammad Suleiman Maligi, opcit, p. 270 et seq. Abdel Hakam Fouda, Crimes of Honor in the Penal Code, Alexandria: University Press House, 2005, p. 66.
: Ashraf Tawfiq Shams al-Din, opcit, p. 173 et seq.
Abu Al-Wafa Muhammad Abu Al-Wafa, opcit, pp. 76, 77, Ashraf Tawfiq Shams Al-Din, opcit, pp. 157, 158. Al-Ghouthi bin Malha, Family Law in the Light of Jurisprudence and Judiciary, Algeria: Office of University Publications, 2005, p. 85. Ihab Abdel Muttalib, Crimes of Presentation, Cairo: National Center for Legal Publications, without year of publication, pp. 19, 20. Ali Abu Hajila, opcit, pp. 79, 80.
Ahmed bin Abdul Halim bin Taymiyyah, The Sharia Policy in Reforming the Shepherd and the Subjects, Riyadh: Nizar Mustafa Al-Baz Library, 2004, p. 113. Marzouq bin Fahd bin Marzouq Al-Mutairi, The effect of coercion on criminal responsibility in the crime of adultery between Sharia and the law and their applications in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Master’s thesis in Islamic criminal legislation, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, 2004, p. 179.
Muhammad bin Ismail, the Yemeni prince al-San’ani, Subul al-Salam fi Sharh Bulugh al-Maram min Evidence al-Ahkam, vol. 03, edited by: Sharif Abdullah and Muhammad Saeed, Cairo: Dar Ibn al-Haytham, 2005, p. 173.
Al-Qasabi Mahmoud Zalat, Family Jurisprudence, Cairo: Dar Al-Bayan for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 2003, p. 304. Muhammad bin Ali bin Muhammad Al-Shawkani, Fath Al-Mighty, the Combiner between the Art of Narration and Knowledge of the Science of Interpretation, vol. 01, Beirut: Dar Al-Arqam for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, without Publication year, p. 467. Muhammad Ali Al-Sabouni, Safwat al-Tafsir An Interpretation of the Holy Qur’an, vol. 01, Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 2001, p. 251.
Fattouh Abdullah Al-Shazly, opcit, p. 189.
Mahmoud Ahmed Taha Mahmoud, opcit, pp. 299, 300, Ashraf Tawfiq Shams al-Din, opcit, pp. 165 et seq. René Garo, Encyclopedia of Public and Private Penal Law, translated by: Lynn Salah Matar, vol. 07, Beirut: Al-Halabi Legal Publications, 2003, p. 143.
In a study in the United States of America, it was found that 14%Among the total victims of rape crimes are wives who were raped by their husbands, and in a study conducted by the German Ellensbach Institute published in Stern magazineSternIt was shown that about 18%of wives were subjected to forced intercourse from their husbands. Ashraf Tawfiq Shams al-Din, opcit, p. 169.
Mahmoud Ahmed Taha Mahmoud, opcit, p. 300 et seq., Ashraf Tawfiq Shams al-Din, opcit, p. 168 et seq.