INTER-PROVINCIAL WATER SHARING IN PAKISTAN IS DEPARTMENTAL OR POLITICAL ISSUE: AN EXPERT VIEW

Abstract

The issue of inter-provincial water sharing in Pakistan, rooted in historical events dating back to the colonial era, revolves around the equitable distribution of the Indus River's water among its provinces. This complex challenge has evolved into a dynamic interplay of political, technical, and administrative dynamics. It traces its origins to 1921 when the British government's irrigation system redesign triggered protests and downstream grievances.Today, disputes persist between lower and upper riparian provinces, with Sindh accusing Punjab and KPK of unfair water diversion, while Punjab argues for efficient resource use. The contentious Kalabagh Dam further exacerbates tensions. Expert insights highlight the political dimension shaped by influential actors and technical remedies like telemetry systems for fair water distribution. Federal departments, particularly the Indus River System Authority (IRSA), and institutional capacity enhancement play pivotal roles.A comprehensive approach, bolstered by political support and the concept of hydro- solidarity, can foster collaboration among provinces. Transparent mechanisms for estimating water requirements are essential for informed decision-making. The multifaceted nature of this challenge demands a holistic strategy to promote cooperation and transparency.