STORIES FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A NARRATIVE INQUIRY INTO EXPERIENCES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN

Main Article Content

AKIFA IMTIAZ, SAJIDA NAZ, SARWET RASUL

Abstract

The worldwide spread of the COVID-19 infectious disease resulted in a pandemic that has threatened millions of lives. This pandemic can well be associated with the mental and social well-being of individuals as it has affected all spheres of life. For the present study, the Narrative Inquiry method has been used to collect data from 11 Pakistani university students, both male and female, who have had first-hand experience with the COVID-19 virus by contracting it. This is a qualitative study in which narrative interviews and story-telling have been used to collect data from students studying in various universities in Pakistan. The online tool, Google Meet, was used to collect the data. The findings reveal the lived experiences of the participants who contracted the virus and had first-hand experience with COVID-19. The strong feelings of fear, depression, anxiety, guilt, the importance of relationships & family support, the ambivalent role of social media, Corona scepticism and social stigma are some of the themes that emerged from the data.The study is important to understand the trauma university students have been going through during the times of this pandemic. This can help to gauge their social, mental and physical well-being so that their performance in studies and other matters related to social relationships does not decline.

Article Details

Section
Articles
Author Biography

AKIFA IMTIAZ, SAJIDA NAZ, SARWET RASUL

AKIFA IMTIAZ1, SAJIDA NAZ2, SARWET RASUL3

1&2Associate Professor, Fatima Jinnah Women University; 3Professor, Fatima Jinnah Women University

Article Published: 19 June, 2023

References

Akhtar, H., Afridi, M., Akhtar, S., Ahmad, H., Ali, S., Khalid, S., Awan, S. M., Jahangiri, S., &

Khader, Y. S. (2021). Pakistan's Response to COVID-19: Overcoming National and International Hypes to Fight the Pandemic. JMIR public health and surveillance, 7(5), e28517. https://doi.org/10.2196/28517

Ali, F., & Ali, S. (2021). Social stigmatisation among COVID-19 patients: Addressing a potential source

of COVID-19 transmission to healthcare staff in cardiac emergency and cardiac care units. BJPsych International, 18(1), E3. doi:10.1192/bji.2020.44

Allen, M. (2017).The sage encyclopedia of communication research methods (Vols. 1-4). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi:10.4135/9781483381411

Bell, A. (2003). A narrative approach to research. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 8,pp95-110.

Berger, B.E., Ferrans, C.E., Lashley, F.R. (2001). Measuring stigma in people with HIV:Psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale. Res Nurs Health, 24(6):518–529. doi:10.1002/nur.10011

Brooks, S.K., Webster, R.K., Smith, L.E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., Rubin, G.J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it:rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8

Clandinin, D.J. (2007). Handbook of narrative inquiry: Mapping a methodology. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.

Clandinin, D.J. and Connelly, F.M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco.

Cresswell, J.W. (2005). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Merrill, Upper Saddle River, N.J.

Gonzales, A. (2022). Why we blame others. Citron Hennessey Therapy. https://www.privatetherapy.com/blog/blame-and-responsibility/

Guo, Q., Zheng, Y., Shi, J., Wang, J., Li, G., Li, C., Fromson, J.A., Xu, Y., Liu, X., Xu, H., Zhang, T., Lu, Y., Chen, X., Hu, H., Tang, Y., Yang, S., Zhou, H., Wang, X., Chen, H., ... Yang, Z. (2020). Immediate psychological distress in quarantined patients with COVID-19 T and its association with peripheral inflammation: A mixed-method study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 88, pp.17–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.038

Imran, N., Afzal, H., Aamer, I., Hashmi, A., Shabbir, B., Asif, A., & Farooq, S. (2020). Scarlett Letter: A study based on experience of stigma by COVID-19 patients in quarantine. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 36(7), 1471–1477. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3606

Koopman, C., Classen, C., Cardeña, E., Spiegel, D. (1995). When disaster strikes, acute stress disorder may follow. J. Trauma. Stress 8, pp.29–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02105405.

Kuhlman, K.R., Robles, T.F., Dooley, L.N., Boyle, C.C., Haydon, M.D., Bower, J.E. (2018). Within- subject associations between inflammation and features of depression: Using the flu vaccine

as a mild inflammatory stimulus. Brain Behav. Immun. 69, pp.540–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.001.

Livingston, J. (2020). Covid-19 shaming; how the blame game hurts us all. MacArthur Medical Centre.https://macarthurmc.com/covid-19-shaming-how-the-blame-game-hurts-us-all/

Locker, M., & Hoffman, A. (2020). People Quarantined in Italy Join Together in Song from Balconies During Coronavirus Lockdown. https://time.com/5802700/lockdown-song/

Majeed, S. and Ashraf, M. (2020). Psychological Impacts of Social Distancing During COVID-19 Pandemic in Adolescents of Lahore, Pakistan. Annals of King Edward Medical University, 26 165-169. https://www.annalskemu.org/journal/index.php/annals/article/view/3631

Masri, A. A., and Masannat, M. (2020). Data collection in Covid-19 restrictions. GAGE. https://www.gage.odi.org/multimedia/data-collection-in-covid-19-restrictions/

Ministry of National Health Services. (2022). See the Realtime Pakistan and Worldwide COVID-19 Situation! Government of Pakistan. http://covid.gov.pk/

Niemi L, and Young L. (2016). When and why we see victims as responsible. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin. 42(9):1227-1242. doi:10.1177/0146167216653933

Noone, P. (2013). Flu, Q-fever-related absence and PTSD in reservists. Occup. Med. 63, pp.301–311. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqt022.

Nosratabadi, M., &Halvaiepour, Z. (2021). Identifying Psychological Perceptions of People Ignoring the Novel COVID-19 Warnings: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis in Isfahan, Iran. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-021-09608-w

Rasul, S., Naz, S., Raza, T.E., Imtiaz, A., Hamid, S., Rehman, F., Khateeb, S., Emmanuel, F. (2021). Social Media Infodemic and Mental Wellbeing in Pakistan During Covid-19. Webology, 18(6). pp.2994-3014.https://www.webology.org/abstract.php?id=2222

Morelli,M., Cattelino, E., Baiocco, R., Trumello, C., Babore, A., Candelori, C., Chirumbolo,

A.(2020). Parents and Children During the COVID-19 Lockdown: The Influence of Parenting Distress and Parenting Self-Efficacy on Children’s Emotional Well-Being .Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584645

Morin, A. (2021). What Is Victim Blaming During COVID-19? Very Well Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/victim-blaming-during-covid-4843796

Pieh, C., Plener, P.L., Probst, T., Dale, R., Humer, E.(2021). Assessment of Mental Health of High School Students During Social Distancing and Remote Schooling During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria. JAMA Network Open.doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.14866.

Unicef Sudan (2020). Covid-19 & Stigma: How to prevent and address social stigma in your community.https://www.unicef.org/sudan/covid-19-stigma-how-prevent-and-address-social-stigma-your-community

van Hoek, A.J., Underwood, A., Jit, M., Miller, E., Edmunds, W.J. (2011). The impact of pandemic influenza H1N1 on health-related quality of life: a prospective population-based study. PloS One 6, e17030. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017030.

Wang, C.C. and Geale, S.K. (2015). The power of story: Narrative inquiry as a methodology in nursing research. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 2. pp. 195-198.

Wheaton, M.G., Abramowitz, J.S., Berman, N.C., Fabricant, L.E., Olatunji, B.O. (2012).

Psychological Predictors of Anxiety in Response to the H1N1 (Swine Flu) Pandemic. Cognit. Ther. Res. 36, pp.210–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-011-9353-3.

Wong, A., Ho, S., Olusanya, O., Antonini, M. V., &Lyness, D. (2020). The use of social media and online communications in times of pandemic COVID-19. Journal of the Intensive Care

Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/1751143720966280