APPRISAL OF SWATCH BHARATH ABHIYAAN – A STUDY
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
India faces significant challenges regarding poor sanitation and open defecation, with over 60 percent of the global population practicing open defecation residing in the country. As of the 2011 census, 53.1 percent of households lacked access to toilets, particularly affecting rural areas where the percentage rose to 69.3 percent, while urban areas stood at 18.6 percent without proper sanitation facilities.To combat this issue, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) on October 2, 2014. This nationwide cleanliness campaign aimed to achieve universal sanitation coverage, addressing the pressing concerns of open defecation and inadequate access to sanitation facilities across the country. The present study investigates the performance of Swatch Bharath, looks into future prospects and makes recommendations for its effective implementation
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. (2016). S.O. 1357(E), 08-04-2016, Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. https://moef.gov.in/en/s-o-1357e-08-04-2016-solid-waste-management-rules-2016
Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO). (2016). Municipal Solid Waste Management Manual, Part II: The Manual. Swachh Bharat Mission, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India.
Press Information Bureau. (n.d.). Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation. http://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/
Swachh Bharat Mission-Wikipedia. (n.d.). Swachh Bharat Mission. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Mission
Swachh Bharat Mission. (n.d.). Swachh Bharat Mission. https://swachhbharat.mygov.in/
http://swachhbharaturban.gov.in/writereaddata/Mission_objective.pdf (2014).
Curtis V. Explaining the outcomes of the 'Clean India’ campaign: Institutional behavior and sanitation transformation in India. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4:1–11. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Kantar Public, IPE Global. National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey (NARSS) 2018–19. New Delhi: Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation; 2018. [Last accessed on 2020 Nov 19]. Available from: https://jalshakti-ddws.gov.in/sites/default/files/NARSS-2018-19.pdf . [Google Scholar]
Water Aid India. Quality and Sustainability of Toilets: A Rapid Assessment of Technologies under Swachh Bharat Mission. New Delhi: Water Aid India; 2017. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 13]. Available from: https://www.wateraidindia.in/sites/g/files/jkxoof336/files/quality-and-sustainability-of-toilets.pdf . [Google Scholar]
Biswas D, Jamwal P. Swachh Bharat Mission: Groundwater contamination in peri-urban India. Econ Polit Wkly. 2017;52:18–20. [Google Scholar]
National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) Swachhata Status Report. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation 2016, Govt. of India
Hueso A, Bell B. An untold story of policy failure: The Total Sanitation campaign in India. Water Policy. 2013;15:1001–17. [Google Scholar]