A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON RECOGNISING THE DURAND LINE: ITS PROS AND CONS AND WAY FORWARD
Main Article Content
Abstract
Since1947, issues of the legitimacy of the Durand Line and Pakhtoonistan have been the major source of concern in Pakistan-Afghan relations. These conflicts have damaged relations between the two countries to the extent that these actions also led to border conflicts. In this paper, majorly discussed issues are related to Durand line and old / current rules relevant to this line. This paper also focuses on the fact that how the relationship between Pakistan and the Afghanistan has always been of difficult nature. It argues how the porous nature of border and the scattered population of tribes across the border have resulted into other evils of cross border terrorism, narcotics smuggling and unregulated flow of immigrants. The paper also covers the legal issue and easement rights that are often included in the arguments in favour or against the validity of Durand Line. It has been argued in this paper that the Durand Line should constitute the legal border and be recognized as such by both the countries.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
www.google.com.pk. (2023, April 30). Retrieved from www.google.com.pk: IntroductiontoPakistan/mountainpeakandpassesofPakistan.htm,accessed from www.google.com.pk
Ahmed, R. (2008). Descent into Chaos, Problems of the Afghan-Pakistan border history. London: Allen Lane.
Ali Shah, M. P. (2010). Sardari, jirga and Local government System in Balochistan page 3. Lahore: Classic Publisher.
Ali, M. (1990). Pak-Afghan DIscord: A Historical Perspective Documents 1855-1979. Pakistan Study Centre, University of Karachi , 55-75.
Amin, A. (2004). Resolving the Afghan-Pakistan Border Question. Afghanistan Study Centre .
Bajoria, J. (2009, March 20). Jayshree Bajoria, “The Troubled Afghan-Pakistani Border”, Council on Foreign Relations, March 20, 2009, accessed on December 3, 2015, http://www.cfr.org/pakistan/troubled-afghan-pakistani-border/p14905. Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations: http://www.cfr.org/pakistan/troubled-afghan-pakistani-border/p14905
Balochistan, F. (2016). Internal Report on Management of Pak-Afghan Border. Quetta: FC Balochistan.
Bijan, O. (2009). The Durand Line: History and Problems of the Afghan-Pakistan Border. Asian Affairs. 40:2 , 177-195.
Caroe, O. (1965). The Pathans. London: Macmillan and Co Ltd.
Conference, R. o. (2007). The durand Line:History, Consequences and Future. American Institute of Afghanistan Studies and the Hollings Center .
Convention, V. (1946). Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties 1978. Vienna: google.com.pk.
Dupree, L. (2012). Afghanistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Goraya, M. S. (2009). Border Issue between Pakistan & Afghanistan. South Asian Studies, 24:2 , 208-209.
Griffiths, J. (1967). Afghanistan. New York: Fredrick A. Praeger.
Haq, D. N. (2003). Pak-Afghan Relations Fact File No 44. Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI) .
Holdich, T. H. (1916). Political Frontiers and Boundary making. London: Macmillan Publishers.
iranicaonline.org. (2023, April 30). Retrieved from http://www.iranicaonline.org: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/pakistan-iv-ethnography
Kakar, M. H. (2006). A Political and Diplomatic History of Afghanistan, 1863–1901. Leiden: Brill.
Khan, A. H. (2000). The Durand Line -Its Geo Strategic Importance. Islamabad: Pan Graphics Pvt Ltd.
Khan, M. M. (1900). The Life of Abdur Rehman Amir of Afghanistan. London: John Murry Publication.
KPK, F. (2016). FC KPK Internal Report on Management of Pak-Afghan Border. Peshawar.
Lambs, A. (1966). Me Mohan Line. London: Rutledge and Kean Paul publication.
Macmunn, G. S. (1977). Afghanistan. Quetta: Gosha - e - Adab.
Malhotra, R. I. (1982). Afghan Search for Identity Frontier Settlements 1872-1893. New Delhi: G D K Publications.
Naby, R. H. (1998). Afghanistan: Mullah, Marx and Mujahid . Colorado: West view Press.
Palke, E. J. (2001). Afghanistan A regional Geography. New York: Military Academy Press.
Quddus, S. A. (1982). Afghansitan and Pakistan a geopolitical study. Lahore: Ferozsons Ltd.
Razvi, M. (1971). The Frontiers of Pakistan. Karachi: National Publishing House.
RECCA. (2011). Centre for Regional Cooperation Directorate General of Economic Affairs. Kabul: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
Runion, M. (2007). The History of Afghanistan. West Port: Greenwood Press.
Saleem, M. (2009). Border Issue between Pakistan & Afghanistan . A Research Journal of South Asian Studies vol. 24 , 204-220.
Singhal, D. (1963). India and Afghanistan. Melbourne: Wilkes & Co. Limited.
Soofi, A. B. (2015). Pakistan-Afghanistan Border Management: A legal perspective . PILDAT.
Sultan-I-Rom, D. (2004). The Durand Line Agreement(1893):Its Pros and Cons. Valley Swat Vol I .
Sykes, P. (1981). A History of Afghanistan. London: Macmillan Publishers.
Tavares, Marta. (n.d.). Fencing Out the Neighbors: Legal Implications of the U.S.-Mexico Border Security Fence. Washington College of Law .
Weitz, R. (2023, April 30). , Eurasia Border Review. Retrieved from ://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/publictn/eurasia_border_review/ebr3/weitz: https://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/publictn/eurasia_border_review/ebr3/weitz.pdf
Wolpert, S. (1982). Roots of Confrontation in South Asia. New York: Oxford University Press.
www.stratfor.com. (2023, April 30). Retrieved from stratfor.com: www.stratfor.com/sample/analysis/afghanistan-pakistan-battlespace-borderaccessed from www.google.com.pk
Yunas, S. F. (2005). The Durand Line Border Agreement:1893. University of Peshawar , 4.