A STUDY OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS RELATED TO BULLYING VICTIMIZATION AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL
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Abstract
Bullying victimization remains a pervasive concern in educational settings, eliciting profound social and psychological consequences for those affected. This study examines the intricate interplay between social and psychological factors that contribute to the occurrence and impact of bullying victimization. Drawing from a comprehensive review of literature, this research investigates how various dimensions of the social environment, including peer group dynamics, cultural norms, social identity, family influences, and school climate, shape the prevalence and nature of bullying victimization. Concurrently, it delves into the intricate psychological processes experienced by victims, such as emotional distress, self-esteem erosion, and mental health implications. Bullying which encompasses repeated verbal, physical, and social behavior with the intention of causing physical, social, or psychological harm, is a pervasive and intentional abuse of power in interpersonal relationships. It can involve an individual or group misusing their actual or perceived power over one or more individuals who are unable to stop it. Another applied definitions stress a typical power imbalance between the bully and the victim, as an important aspect of bullying. Therefore, in this study realized that the need of assessing impact of bullying victimization. Main objectives of the study are, to find out impacts of bullying victimization on elementary students, to find out the difference in students of bullying victimization by gender. Nature of the study was quantitative and descriptive design was used. questionnaire was used as data collection tool; 5 Likert scale was also used for developing questionnaire. Population of the study was all private sector elementary schools in Islamabad, and 285 sample was drawn from the targeted population by using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected through questionnaire and analyzed through (SPSS). Findings reveals that social and psychological factors significantly influence bullying victimization. School, community, behavior and attitude, family, extracurricular activities and Peer rejection, self-esteem, and poor social skills are all factors that contribute to a child's weakness to bullying. By understanding and addressing these factors, educators, parents, and policymakers can work towards creating safe and inclusive environments that reduce the prevalence of bullying and support the well-being of all individuals.
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