OVERVIEW OF POLITICAL-RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE IN PRE AND POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD OF PAKISTAN: MANIFESTATIONS OF DIVERGENT CONFLICTS

Abstract

As a historical backdrop for this study, this article provides an outline of political-religious violence in pre- and post-independence Pakistan. In attempt to contextualize the extraordinary violence in Pakistani society, it studies data from primary sources. A non-violence policy and its guiding principles are necessary for any community to achieve peace, harmony, and tolerance; otherwise, disorder and discord would rule. Both tranquil communities and peaceful minds are products of peace. In multi-religious communities, such as pre-partitioned India and the newly formed Pakistan, it is crucial to uphold the idea that mosques and other places of worship are just as significant to Muslims as they are to adherents of other faiths. Furthermore, there will be suffering and horrors if people's rights are not respected. After then, there will be oppression due to the lack of security and effective administration, both of which are crucial for people's daily life. Multicultural, racial, and religious civilizations all value the celebration of many cultural festivals. An outline of the pattern of violence before and after Pakistan's independence will be provided in this article. Hindu-Muslim issues from before independence as well as post-independence Qadiani and Sunni-Shia sectarian disputes will be explored.