LEGAL AND CRIMINOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF SUICIDE WITH EMPHASIS ON THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF IRAN AND ENGLAND
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Abstract
The phenomenon of suicide, which is one of the important complications of today's industrial world, is more affected by disorganization, mental disorders and social inequalities. Today, suicide is one of the major social and mental health problems in many countries, especially in European countries. countries, suicide is significantly higher than the number of deaths caused by accidents. Human life has dignity and from the perspective of religious teachings and transnational documents, violating it is illegal and a great crime. In Iran's criminal policy, it is influenced by jurisprudence. and religious, self-mutilation and suicide, although it has never been allowed or approved, but it has not been criminalized. Despite this, Iran's legislator, by passing the Computer Crimes Law in 2011, criminalized assisting suicide .In other words, considering that suicide is not a crime, it can be said that aiding and abetting suicide is subject to the theory of independent criminality. Suicide and self-mutilation is an act in which the perpetrator of the crime is also the object of the crime, or in other words, if the perpetrator is the perpetrator himself. , suicide or self-mutilation is realized. Suicide is not specific to the present time and has existed since the past, but what is new is the increase in the number of suicides in Iran. Suicide and self-mutilation are not crimes in English law, and only accessory to it is punishable. On this basis, the legislator should try to determine the criminal acts without ambiguity, so that later, under the pretext of interpretation, the judges will not be able to endanger the freedoms of the people. Regardless of the occurrence of suicide and without the need for such tools, assisting in suicide is criminalized. In addition, if the victim of suicide is a minor, the punishment of the assistant can be intensified. Also, the immediate implementation of educational security measures for a person who commits suicide for any reason. attempted suicide and did not succeed, it is one of the other necessary measures to prevent this phenomenon. Regarding euthanasia or compassionate death, it should be said that in both legal systems, active and involuntary euthanasia is considered intentional homicide, but regarding other types of euthanasia, depending on the circumstances of the legislator, different approaches have been taken.
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