B RUNNER ATTRIBUTION SCALE AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS

Main Article Content

MUHAMMAD GHALIB JAAFAR AL-KHAFAJI, ADNAN MAHMOUD ABBAS AL-MAHDAWI

Abstract

This work aims to build a scale of runner support among middle school students and the  researchers, and the researchers promised the scale according to the theory  of Weiner (1979). It consists of (33) items, three areas, and four alternatives, and the statistical characteristics of the scale were extracted and it was found that all items with distinction and correlation are statistically significant. Also, we obtained the psychometric characteristics of the scale such as virtual honesty and honesty of construction, and the data was analyzed by the program (spss) and a number of statistical means and the researchers reached to achieve the goal of the research by building a scale  of runner attribution at the  preparatory stage.  Based on the results, the study came out with some recommendations and suggestions.

Article Details

Section
Education Law
Author Biography

MUHAMMAD GHALIB JAAFAR AL-KHAFAJI, ADNAN MAHMOUD ABBAS AL-MAHDAWI

1RESEARCHER MUHAMMAD GHALIB JAAFAR AL-KHAFAJI, 2PROF. ADNAN MAHMOUD ABBAS AL-MAHDAWI        

Diyala University. College of Education for Human Sciences, Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences

References

Aisha, S. (2012). Causal attribution and its relationship to physical self-mutilation among prisoners. Batna, Al-Khader University.

Al-Harbi, A. H. K. (2014). Guiding intervention in the style of changing the rules and gradual immunization in developing openness to experience among university students. College of Basic Education, University of Diyala. PhD.

Al-Tamimi, M. K. M. (2016). University Guidance, First Edition, . Amman - Jordan, Debono Center for Learning to Think.

Alazzam, M. B., et al. (2021). "E-health system characteristics, medical performance, and healthcare quality at Jordan’s health centers." Journal of healthcare engineering 2021.

Davis, J. (2012). "Social Status Differences In Hostile Attribution Biases and Reactive Aggression."

Diener, E. and M. Diener (1995). "Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem." Journal of personality and social psychology 68(4): 653.

Dodge, K. A. (2006). "Translational science in action: Hostile attributional style and the development of aggressive behavior problems." Development and psychopathology 18(3): 791-814.

Dodge, K. A. and J. D. Coie (1987). "Social-information-processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer groups." Journal of personality and social psychology 53(6): 1146.

Farver, J. A. M., et al. (1997). "Toy stories: Aggression in children's narratives in the United States, Sweden, Germany, and Indonesia." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 28(4): 393-420.

Karim, A.-Z. H. A. (2017). Educational Research Methods. Amman, Jordan, Debono Publishing Center for Teaching Thinking.

Lahib, S. A. (2020). Building and codifying the psychological satisfaction and open-mindedness scales for fourth-stage students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, Diyala University. PhD.

Mustafa, E. R. (2019). University Violence and Perspectives. Amman - Jordan, Dar Al-Bazouri for Publishing and Distribution.

The Ministry of Education in Iraq (1977).

Weiner, B. (1979). "A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences." Journal of educational psychology 71(1): 3.