PEACE-MAKING DURING THE CALIPHATE OF ABU BAKR AL-SIDDIQ (MABPWH) (11-13 AH / 632-634 AD)
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study explores the achievement of peace during the resign of Caliph Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (MABPWH). It investigated how the Calipah Abu Bakr (MABPWH) tried to establish peace and stability under five axes. It studies the impact of Caliph Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq's (MABPWH) sermon, the mission of Osama bin Zaid and its peaceful reflections, the impact of apostasy, collecting the Holy Quran and the impact of judiciary on peace. The study reported four main findings that Caliph Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (MABPWH), (1) confronted the challenges that faced the Muslims after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH); (2) applied a brilliant policy by not responding to the demands of apostates to exempt them from paying Zakat; (3) followed the instructions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) during his life and after his death; and (4) paid attention to the judicial system and chose competent individuals to carry out this task.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abdel-Motal, A. (1381 AH). Islamic politics during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, (1st Edition). Egypt: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Al-Atoum, A. (1987). The apostasy movement. Amman: Al-Risalah Library.
Al-Baladhuri, (1988). Ed, Fatouh Al-Buldan. Beirut: Al-Hilal Library and House
Al-Bayhaqi, (1432 AH). Al-Sunan Al-Kubra, (1st edition). Hajar Center for Arab-Islamic Research and Studies
Al-Bouti, M. S. R. (1426 AH). Jurisprudence of the Prophet's biography, with a summary of the history of the Rightly Guided Caliphate. Damascus: Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Bukhari, (1422 AH). Sahih Al-Bukhari, (1st Edition). Baghdad: Dar Touq Al-Najat.
Al-Douri, A. (1337 AH). Introduction to the history of the early Islam. Baghdad: Al-Ma'arif Press.
Al-Fayoumi, (1987). Al-Masbah Al-Munir fi Gharib Al-Sharh Al-Kabir. Beirut: Scientific Library.
Al-Hamawi, Y. (1995). Mu`jam Al-Buldan, (2nd edition). Beirut, Dar Sader
Al-Hanbali, (1406 AH). Gold nuggets in news of who have gone, (1st edition). Beirut: Dar Ibn Katheer.
Al-Humairi, N. (1420 AH). The Sun of Science and the Medicine of Arab Words from Al-Kaloum, (1st edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Moasr.
Al-Isfahani, (1412 AH). Ed, Al-Mufradat fi Gharib Al-Qur’an, (1st edition). Damascus: Dar Al-Qalam,
Al-Kala’i, (1399 AH). Ed, The rightly guided caliphate and eternal heroism in the wars of apostasy, (1st edition). Dar Al-Ittihad Al-Arabi Printing House
Al-Mallah, H. Y. (1428 AH). The mediator in the Prophet's biography and the rightly guided caliphate, (1st edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alami
Al-Maqrizi, (1420 AH) Amta’ al-Asma’, including the Prophet’s conditions, wealth, grandchildren, and belongings, (1st edition). Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah
Al-Najjar, A. (2016). The Rightly Guided Caliphs. Beirut: Dar Al-Arqam Bin Abi Al-Arqam Company.
Al-Najjar, J. (1413 AH). The Holy Qur’an combines established facts and declining suspicions, (1st edition). Cairo: Al-Hussein Islamic Library for Printing and Publishing.
Al-Obaid, A. S.(1421AH). The collection of the Noble Qur’an by memorization and writing. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Al-Imam University Press.
Al-Omari, (1430 AH). The era of the Rightly Guided Caliphate, an attempt to criticize the historical novel according to the methodology of the hadith scholars, (1st edition). Riyadh: Obeikan Library.
Al-Shafi'i, (1410 AH). Al-am. Beirut: Dar Al-Ma'rifah
Al-Suhaili, (1421 AH). Al-Rawd Al-Anf, (1st Edition). Beirut: Dar Revival of Arab Heritage.
Al-Suyuti, (1394 AH). Ed, Perfection in the Sciences of the Qur’an. Cairo: The Egyptian Book Organization.
Al-Tabari, (1387 AH). History of the messengers and kings, (2nd Edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Turath.
Al-Waqidi, (1410 AH). The book of apostasy, (1st edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Maghrib Al-Islami
Al-Waqidi, (1417 AH). Fattouh Al-Sham, (1st edition). Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alami.
Alyan, (1423 AH). History of the rightly guided caliphs, (3rd edition). Dammam: Al-Muthanna Library
Al-Zarkashi, (1376 AH). Al-Burhan in the Sciences of the Qur’an, (1st Edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Maarifa.
Al-Zayd, A. A. A. (1419 AH). Educational positions of the rightly guided caliph Abu Bakr al-siddiq: a study in the media of Islamic education. Makkah Al-Mukarramah: Umm Al-Qura University.
Al-Zuhaili, M. (1415 AH). History of the Judiciary in Islam, (1st edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr
Al-Zuhaili, W (1417 AH). Osama bin Zaid, the love of the Messenger of God (PBUH) and the son of his love (9 BC - 54 A.H), (3rd Edition). Damascus: Dar Al-Ilm.
Bin Khayyat, K. (1397 AH). History of Khalifa bin Khayyat, (2nd Edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Qalam, Damascus.
Darwish, K. M. (1429 AH). Al-Talkhees Al-Ameen for the life of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, (1st edition). Kuwait: Al-Maarif Library Company.
Hamza, A. (1998). Al'iielamin in the Early Islam. Cairo: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Ibn Abd Rabbo, (1404 AHD). Aleaqd alfridi, (1st edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Abdeen, (1412 AH). The confused response to Durr Al-Mukhtar, (2nd edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr
Ibn Al-Atheer, (1415 AH).Ed, The lion of the forest in knowing the companions, (1st Edition). Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiya.
Ibn Al-Atheer, (1417 AH). Ed, Al-Kamil in History, (1st Edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi
Ibn al-Jawzi (1412 AH). Al-Muntazam in the history of kings and nations, (1st edition). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Al-Rifa’a, (2009). The sufficiency of al nabihin explanation of al-tanbeeh, (1st edition). Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Atham (2022). Kitab Al-Futuh. Futuh-aatam
Ibn Faris, (1406 AH). Majmal Al-Lugha, (2nd Edition). Beirut: Al-Risala Foundation.
Ibn Hajar, (1379 AH).Ed, Fath Al-Bari in Sharh Sahih Al-Bukhari. Beirut: Dar Al-Maarifa.
Ibn Hibban, (1417 AH). The biography of the prophet and the news of the caliphs, (3rd edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Thaqafia
Ibn Hisham, (1438 AH). The prophet's biography. Cairo: Dar Al-Ghad Al-Jadeed.
Ibn Kathir, (1418 AH).Eds, The beginning and the end, (1st edition). Dar Hajar for Printing and Publishing.
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah,(2013). Governance paths. Dar Al-Bayan Library.
Ibrahim, I. (1997). Critical positions in the life of the rightly guided caliphs in governance, politics, and people's conditions. Cairo: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alami.
Katbi, G. K. (2009). Firsts of the Fotouh: wars of apostasy, (1st edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Madar Al-Islami
Malik (1425 AH). Ed, Muwatta Imam Malik, (1st Edition). Abu Dhabi, Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Foundation.
Muslim, (n. d). Sahih Muslim: Book of the Virtues of the Companions, Chapter on the Virtues of Zaid bin Haritha and Osama bin Zaid (MABPWT), 4/1884, Hadith No. (2426).
Qadri, A. A. (1405 AH). Apostasy from Islam and its danger to the Islamic world, (2nd Edition). Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah: Taibah Library
Shabaro, I. M. (1995). The first Arab Islamic state, (3rd Edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya
Shoufani, E. (1995). Wars of apostasy, (1st Edition). Beirut: Dar Al-Kunouz Al-Adabiyah
Takush, M. S. (1424 AH). History of the rightly guided caliphs, conquests and political achievements, (1st Edition). Dar Al-Nafais.
Yassin, A. A. Y. (2006). History of the beginning of Islam. Amman: Jaffa Scientific House