THE DISCRETIONARY RIGHT OF THE JUDGE TO USE A RELIGIOUS FATWA

Main Article Content

AQEEL MAJEED TAHA, YASMINE SAMI MIKHLIF

Abstract

The law gives the trial judge the right to issue fair and appropriate rulings that are consistent with the provisions of the law when there is a case before him. This right is consistent with Article 1 of the amended Iraqi Law of Evidence No. 107 of 1979, in which the court has a role in cases not stipulated in the law. Thus, it is left to the discretion of the judge. Therefore, the judge in charge has the right to seek the assistance of a religious fatwa when there is no legal text related to the dispute presented in front of him. The first article does not oblige the judge to seek the help of a specific doctrine, especially in cases of halal and haram (permissible and forbidden according to an Islamic religious point of view) that require knowledge of Islamic jurisprudence. As for the non-Muslim cases that are difficult for the judge to comprehend their rulings due to the diversity and multiplicity of religions and sects, the judge should ask non-Muslim religious references to know the jurisprudential ruling on the dispute in order to issue an appropriate ruling on the case presented before him.

Article Details

Section
Public Law
Author Biography

AQEEL MAJEED TAHA, YASMINE SAMI MIKHLIF

1Assist. Prof. Dr. Aqeel Majeed Taha, 2Yasmine Sami Mikhlif

1College of Law / University of Tikrit

2Master's student in the Faculty of Law

 

References

Article (1/F1) of Personal Status Law No. (188) of 1959, as amended.

Article (2) of the Iraqi Civil Law No. (40) of 1951 stated (there is no justification for diligence in the source of the text).

Article (1/F2) of the Personal Status Law No. (188) of 1959.

dr. Salam Abdul Zahra Al-Fatlawi, dr. Nabil Mahdi Zwain, Al-Wajeez in explaining the Iraqi Personal Status Law No. (188) of 1959 and its amendments, 1st edition, Dar Al-Salam Legal Library, Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq, 2015, p. 9.

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Decision No. 3001 / Personal Status / 2008 dated 28/9/2008, referred to: Dr. Aqil Majeed Taha and Abdullah Muwaffaq Ali, The Impact of the Shari’a fatwa on adapting the Civil Case, a research published in Steps for Human and Social Sciences, Issue 3, Vol. 1, 2022, p. 11.

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Kindly see: the text of Article (12), (20) of the Law No. (32) of 1947 regulating religious courts for Christian and Jewish denominations. Quoted from: Dr. Ahmed Al-Kubaisi, Al-Wajeez in Explanation of the Iraqi Personal Status Law and its Amendments, Part 1, The Legal Library, Baghdad, 1990, p. 11.

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The Chief Justice Department’s website

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The text of Article (309): (1- The annulment of the marriage deed, as well as the arguments considered as provisions such as the arguments related to the replacement of endowments and permission for the consensual division, if it is not appealed against by the concerned parties, then the judge must send the file as soon as possible to the Court of Cassation to conduct cassation audits 2- The provisions and arguments mentioned in the previous paragraph shall not be enforced unless ratified by the Court of Cassation) of the Civil Procedure Law No. (83) of 1969. See: Mohammed Saeed Al-Saadawi, the procedural legal regulation of cases of halal and haram, research published in the Journal of Educational and Human Sciences (Study in Iraqi Law), No. 3, 2020, p. 75.

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Abu Hanifa: Al-Nu’man bin Thabit, the imam of the Hanafi school, and the creator of the famous school of thought, the jurist, the mujtahid, the investigator, one of the four imams, he was born in the year 80 AH. 767 AD. The caliphs wanted him to be a judge, but he refused, and he was imprisoned in that until he died, and he died in the year 150 AH - 767 AD. Quoted from: Ismail, Shaaban Mohammed, Fundamentals of Jurisprudence

Its history and its men, 1st edition, Dar Al-Marikh, Riyadh, without a year, p. 43.

The Fatwa Department was established in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in (1921 AD). Since its foundation, it relied on the Hanafi school of fatwa, which was in effect during the days of the Ottoman era, and the mufti used to answer people’s questions, whether they were related to worship, transactions, or personal status, And appointed next to every judge a mufti in large and small cities, and the judge used the mufti to solve social problems, and the mufti referred to the judge matters that did not fall under his jurisdiction, which needed evidence and witnesses.

Fatwa Law No. (60) of 2006.

The text of Article (2 / F 1): (The provisions of this law apply to the issues dealt with in these texts in their terms and meanings, and there is no justification for diligence in the source of the text) of the Jordanian Civil Law No. (43) of 1976.

The Chief Justice Department’s website

https://sjd.gov.jo/Pages/viewpage.aspx?pageID=163, the date of the last visit 3/22/2023